考研英語沖刺：閱讀理解主旨題快速解題

在沖刺階段，針對英語閱讀，考生應(yīng)該要整合之前積累的知識點，掌握快速解題的技巧。

根據(jù)考試的難度和得分策略，五種題型中最耗時的題型是主旨題，其原因在於考生對於文章主旨和框架的結(jié)構(gòu)理解不夠透徹。

主旨題雖然在考研英語中的考頻隻有10%左右，但由於主旨題考查考生對於整篇文章中心的宏觀把握，所以很多考生遇主旨題必錯。其實掌握了主旨題的快速解題技巧后，這個題型對大家就是必得分題了。主旨題的快速解題技巧有如下幾種：

1、串珠法

“珠”指的是各個段落的中心，串珠法是把各個段落的中心串聯(lián)起來，然后進行歸納總結(jié)。具體的操作過程是：首先判定每個段落的中心﹔其次，根據(jù)每個段落的中心串聯(lián)起來組成文章的中心。

【方法應(yīng)用】2009 Text2

30.An appropriate title for the text is mostlikely to be__________.

[A] Forsand Againsts of DNA testing

[B] DNATesting and It's Problems

[C] DNATesting Outside the La

[D] LiesBehind DNA Testing

Para1:All he needs to do is … paternity testing kit (PTK)

Para2:More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs

Para3:Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing （PTK）…

Para4:Most tests require collecting cells …

Para5: Butsome observers are skeptical …

Para6: Criticsalso argue that …

【方法分析】根據(jù)各個段落的中心句，可以看出文章的前部分主要講PTKS的受歡迎度和購買人數(shù)多，第五段出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，后兩段出現(xiàn)了skeptical和critics，表示一種“批判，質(zhì)疑”的態(tài)度，所以文章的中心應(yīng)該包括兩個方面。因此答案鎖定在A和B。二者的區(qū)別在於against和problem,二者都表示否定，但是程度不同，前者表示完全否定，后者表示部分否定。文章出現(xiàn)了skeptical和critics，表示“質(zhì)疑”是部分否定，因此答案選B。

2、篇首覆蓋法

如果一個單詞的多種形式（同詞、同義/反義詞、同根詞）或短語在一篇文章的篇首反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，那麼這個單詞或短語則是文章的主題詞。

【方法應(yīng)用】2010,Text2

例：I was addressinga small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room — a women’s group that hadinvited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularlytalkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silentlybeside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that womenfrequently complain that their husbands don’t talk to them. This man quicklynodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, “She’s the talker inour family.” The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt.“It’s true,” he explained. “When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didn’t keep the conversation going, we’d spend the whole evening insilence.”

This episodecrystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than womenin public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreakinghavoc with marriage.…

29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists

B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities

C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage

D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different

【方法分析】根據(jù)題干特征可知這是一道主旨題，主旨題可利用主題復(fù)現(xiàn)法來解，通過抓前兩段的主題詞可確定全文中心。本文我們利用主題詞復(fù)現(xiàn)的形式：同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義復(fù)現(xiàn)以及同根復(fù)現(xiàn)可以找出前兩段的復(fù)現(xiàn)有“talkative”，“talk”，“talker”以及“conversation”，因此我們可以確定該篇文章的主題詞是“交談，交流”，D項中的“Conversationalpatterns”是主題詞的同根復(fù)現(xiàn)，故正確。A項和B項的錯誤屬於無中生有，C項的干擾性較大，很多考生會錯選該選項，但隻要把握好全文主題詞是“talk”，這個選項也是很好排除的。

明確了必得分題型的快速解題技巧之后，接下來我們一起學(xué)習(xí)高失分題的快速解題技巧。

1.題干暗示法

按照閱讀的步驟，第一步應(yīng)該精讀題干，抓關(guān)鍵詞，目的在於用這些關(guān)鍵詞猜測文章可能討論的中心。題干中的重復(fù)信息就極有可能是文章的主旨。因此我們可以利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞解主旨題。

【方法應(yīng)用】2013,Text3

31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by

32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that humanbeing are

33. Which of the following is true accordingto Paragraph 5?

34.To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to

35. Which of the following would be the besttitle for the text?

[A]Uncertainty about Our Future

[B] Evolution of the Human Species

[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind

[D] Science, Technology and Humanity

末段：Thislong perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likelyto be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we arenow knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that … …

【方法分析】在閱讀題干的過程中，我們能清晰的找出每個題干的關(guān)鍵詞，分別是：

31.Our vision of the future

32.IUCN’s “Red List”、 humanbeing

33.無關(guān)鍵詞

34.future of mankind

35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

因此，我們可以判斷出題干中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞是human和future，所以本文章的中心一般要包括這兩個詞。四個選項中A中的Our Future和C符合要求，Prospects of Mankind。但是A和C的區(qū)別在於Uncertainty和bright，明顯的表示二者的態(tài)度本質(zhì)不同。從文章的最后一段but后面表示段落中心，我們可以看到knowledgeable和reduce many of the risks，均表示積極的態(tài)度，所以答案選C。 

來源：萬學(xué)海文